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Operating System-OS

Operating System Definition- Operating system serve as a bridge between hardare and software, providing a platform for various applications to run and managing system resources effeciently. Generation concept of operating system The concept of "Generation" in operating systems refers to the historical development and evolution of operating systems technoloy over time. The generations represent signinficant milestones in the evolution of operating systems with each generations introducing new features, capabilities, and improvements. First Generation (1940s-1950s): a) Hardware-Centric: In the early days of computing ,computers were large,expensive machines with limited processing power.

Digital Immune System

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Digital immune system (DIS) is a term used to describe the various tools and techniques that can be used to protect your digital identity and information from online threats. Just like your body's immune system works to protect you from diseases and infections, the digital immune system is designed to keep you safe from digital threats like hacking, phishing, and malware. Here are some examples of the digital immune system: Strong Passwords : One of the most basic steps to protect your digital identity is to use strong passwords. Your password should be a combination of upper and lower case letters, numbers, and special characters. You should also avoid using the same password for multiple accounts. Two-factor Authentication: Two-factor authentication is an extra layer of security that requires users to provide two forms of identification to access their accounts. This can be a code sent to your phone, a fingerprint, or a security key. Two-factor authentication makes it

Logic Building In C

C programming Language contains module called functions.  C functions are the basic building block and the most programmers take its benefit. Programmers include these functions in their program from the C standard library. C combines the features of a high level language and functionality like assembly languages. In C, one can develop a program fast and execute fast. It reduces the gap between high-and Low-level languages that is why it is well suited for writing both applications and System Software. C is structural language facilitates the development of variety of programs in small modules or blocks. With appropriate collection of different modules, the programmer can make a complete program. It is easy for writing, testing, debugging and maintenance with structured programming. In case some changes are to be done in a program, the programmer can refer to the earlier written module with editor and  incorporate the appropriate changes. Hence, structured languages are easier and mo

Analysis Of Recursive Algorithm Through Recurrence Relations:

Introduction: Recursive algorithm are a common type of algorithm,used in a computer science and mathematics. They are algorithms that solve a problem by breaking it down into smaller instances of the same algorithm. The process cotinues until a base case is reached where the solution can be easily computed. One of the chalenges of working with recursive algorithm is analyzing their time complexity. The time complexity of an algorithm describes how the running time of the algorithms grows as the size of the algorithm grows as the size of the input increses. For examples,An algorithm that takes twice as long to solve a problem of size n+1,as it does to solve a problem of sizevn has a time complexity of o(2^n). Recurence relations provide a powerfull tool for analyzing the time complexity of recursive algorithms. A recurence relation is an equation that defines a sequence recursively in terms of its previous values. In the context of analysing recursive algorithm,recurence relations de

How to Make Effective Study Notes?

How to Make notes? Making effective notes is an important skill that can help you retain information, organize your thoughts, and prepare for exams or projects. Here are some tips for making good notes: 1.Use headings and bullet points: Organize your notes by using headings and bullet points to make the information easier to read and understand. This will also help you to see the main points and ideas at a glance. 2.Be selective : Avoid trying to write down every detail or piece of information. Instead, focus on the most important points and concepts. This will help you to remember the most relevant information and prevent you from feeling overwhelmed. 3.Use abbreviations: Use abbreviations and symbols to save time and space in your notes. For example, use "+" for "plus" or "and", or use "w/" for "with". 4. Summarize in your own words: Rather than copying everything word-for-word, try to summarize the information in your ow

Helium

Helium is a chemical element with the symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and inert gas that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table. Its boiling and melting points are the lowest among all the elements and it exists only as a gas except in extreme conditions. Helium was first discovered in 1868 by French astronomer Jules Janssen and British astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer during a solar eclipse. The element is named after the Greek god of the sun, Helios . Helium is the second lightest element and is almost seven times lighter than air. It is widely used in cryogenics, as it has the lowest boiling point of any element, and is used to cool materials and instruments to extremely low temperatures. Helium is also used in the production of semiconductors, fiber optics, welding, and as a lifting gas for balloons and airships. The supply of helium is limited, and its price has increased in recent years due to concerns over its av

Hydrogen

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Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe, constituting about 75% of its elemental mass. In its most common form, hydrogen exists as a diatomic molecule (H2), which is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas . Hydrogen is highly reactive and can form compounds with almost all other elements. It is used in a wide range of industrial applications, such as in the production of ammonia for fertilizers, in petroleum refining, and in the manufacture of various chemicals. It is also used as a fuel for vehicles, either in its pure form or as a component of other fuels like natural gas. Hydrogen has attracted attention in recent years as a potential clean energy source. When hydrogen is burned or reacted with oxygen in a fuel cell, it produces only water and releases a significant amount of energy. However, the production of hydrogen itself often involves the use of fossil fuels, so it is not